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  <section id="useful-tips">
<h1>Useful Tips<a class="headerlink" href="#useful-tips" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>One of these tips appears on startup, by default.</p>
<p>You can disable these tips by setting &#64;bool show-tips = False.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-most-important-tips" id="id1">The most important tips</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#you-don-t-have-to-remember-command-names" id="id2">You don’t have to remember command names</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#learn-to-use-clones" id="id3">Learn to use clones</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#learning-to-use-leo" id="id4">Learning to use Leo</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#leo-s-most-important-plugins" id="id5">Leo’s most important plugins</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#move-clones-to-the-last-top-level-node" id="id6">Move clones to the last top-level node</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#put-personal-settings-myleosettings-leo" id="id7">Put personal settings myLeoSettings.leo</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#search-for-settings-in-leosettings-leo" id="id8">Search for settings in leoSettings.leo</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-abbreviations" id="id9">Use abbreviations</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#useful-commands-and-actions" id="id10">Useful commands and actions</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-beautify-command-nobeautify-directive" id="id11">The beautify command &amp; &#64;nobeautify directive</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-find-quick-selected-command" id="id12">The find-quick-selected command</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-parse-body-command" id="id13">The parse-body command</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-pyflakes-command" id="id14">The pyflakes command</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-pylint-command" id="id15">The pylint command</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rst3-command" id="id16">The rst3 command</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-sort-siblings-command" id="id17">The sort-siblings command</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-alt-n-goto-next-clone-to-find-primary-clones" id="id18">Use Alt-N (goto-next-clone) to find “primary” clones</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-cffm-to-gather-outline-nodes" id="id19">Use cffm to gather outline nodes</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-ctrl-p-repeat-complex-command-to-avoid-key-bindings" id="id20">Use Ctrl-P (repeat-complex-command) to avoid key bindings</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#ctrl-click-urls-and-unls" id="id21">Ctrl-click urls and unls</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#scripting-tips" id="id22">Scripting tips</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#clearing-the-log-window" id="id23">Clearing the Log window</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#g-callers-returns-a-list-of-callers" id="id24">g.callers() returns a list of callers</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#the-button-make-md-toc-script-in-leodocs-leo" id="id25">The &#64;button make-md-toc script in LeoDocs.leo</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-button-nodes" id="id26">Use &#64;button nodes</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-a-universal-shortcut-for-your-scripts" id="id27">Use a universal shortcut for your scripts</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-cff-to-gather-nodes-matching-a-pattern" id="id28">Use cff to gather nodes matching a pattern</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-g-pdb-from-the-console" id="id29">Use g.pdb from the console</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-g-trace-to-debug-scripts" id="id30">Use g.trace to debug scripts</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-section-references-sparingly" id="id31">Use section references sparingly</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#use-g-handleunl-to-select-nodes" id="id32">Use g.handleUnl to select nodes</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<section id="the-most-important-tips">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">The most important tips</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-most-important-tips" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="you-don-t-have-to-remember-command-names">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">You don’t have to remember command names</a><a class="headerlink" href="#you-don-t-have-to-remember-command-names" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>To execute a command, type <cite>Alt-X</cite>, followed by the first few characters of the command name, followed by <cite>Tab</cite>. The list of commands matching what you have typed appears.
For more details, see the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial-basics.html#commands">commands tutorial</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="learn-to-use-clones">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Learn to use clones</a><a class="headerlink" href="#learn-to-use-clones" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Clones are “live” copies of the node itself and all its descendants.
See the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial-pim.html#clones">clones tutorial</a> for more details.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="learning-to-use-leo">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Learning to use Leo</a><a class="headerlink" href="#learning-to-use-leo" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="leo-s-most-important-plugins">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Leo’s most important plugins</a><a class="headerlink" href="#leo-s-most-important-plugins" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Become familiar with Leo’s most important plugins:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>bookmarks.py manages bookmarks.</p></li>
<li><p>contextmenu.py shows a menu when right-clicking.</p></li>
<li><p>mod_scripting.py supports &#64;button and &#64;command nodes.</p></li>
<li><p>quicksearch.py adds a Nav tab for searching.</p></li>
<li><p>todo.py handles to-do lists and is a project manager.</p></li>
<li><p>valuespace.py creates an outline-oriented spreadsheet.</p></li>
<li><p>viewrendered.py renders content in the rendering pane.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="move-clones-to-the-last-top-level-node">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Move clones to the last top-level node</a><a class="headerlink" href="#move-clones-to-the-last-top-level-node" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Focus your attention on the task at hand by <cite>cloning nodes</cite>, including
&#64;file nodes, then moving those clones so they are the last top-level nodes
in the outline. This organization allows you to work on nodes scattered
throughout an outline without altering the structure of &#64;file nodes.</p>
</section>
<section id="put-personal-settings-myleosettings-leo">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Put personal settings myLeoSettings.leo</a><a class="headerlink" href="#put-personal-settings-myleosettings-leo" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Put your <a class="reference external" href="customizing.html#specifying-settings">personal settings</a> in myLeoSettings.leo, not leoSettings.leo.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The leo-settings command opens leoSettings.leo.</p></li>
<li><p>The my-leo-settings command opens myLeoSettings.leo.</p></li>
<li><p>Copy the desired settings nodes from leoSettings.leo to myLeoSettings.leo.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="search-for-settings-in-leosettings-leo">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Search for settings in leoSettings.leo</a><a class="headerlink" href="#search-for-settings-in-leosettings-leo" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>leoSettings.leo contains the defaults for all of Leo’s settings, with
documentation for each.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-abbreviations">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Use abbreviations</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-abbreviations" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Leo’s abbreviations can correct spelling mistakes, expand to multiple lines
or even trees of nodes. Abbreviations can execute scripts and can prompt
for values to be substituted within the abbreviation.
See the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial-pim.html#using-abbreviations-and-templates">abbreviations tutorial</a> for more details.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="useful-commands-and-actions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Useful commands and actions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#useful-commands-and-actions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="the-beautify-command-nobeautify-directive">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">The beautify command &amp; &#64;nobeautify directive</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-beautify-command-nobeautify-directive" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The &#64;nobeautify directive suppresses beautification of the node in which it appears.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-find-quick-selected-command">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">The find-quick-selected command</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-find-quick-selected-command" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The find-quick-selected (Ctrl-Shift-F) command finds all nodes containing the selected text.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-parse-body-command">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">The parse-body command</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-parse-body-command" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The parse-body command parses p.b (the body text of the selected node) into separate nodes.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-pyflakes-command">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">The pyflakes command</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-pyflakes-command" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyflakes">pyflakes</a> is a superb programming tool. It checks python files almost instantly.</p>
<p>These settings cause Leo to run pyflakes whenever saving a .py file and to
raise a dialog if pyflakes finds any errors:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@bool</span> <span class="n">run</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pyflakes</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">on</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">write</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="nd">@bool</span> <span class="n">syntax</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">popup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-pylint-command">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">The pylint command</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-pylint-command" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Leo’s pylint command runs <a class="reference external" href="https://www.pylint.org/">pylint</a> on all <cite>&#64;&lt;file&gt;</cite> nodes in the selected trees.
Pylint runs in the background, so you can continue to use Leo while pylint runs.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-rst3-command">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">The rst3 command</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-rst3-command" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="tutorial-rst3.html">rst3 command</a> converts an &#64;rst tree to a document file.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-sort-siblings-command">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">The sort-siblings command</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-sort-siblings-command" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The sort-siblings (Alt-A) command sorts all the child nodes of their parent, or all top-level nodes.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-alt-n-goto-next-clone-to-find-primary-clones">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Use Alt-N (goto-next-clone) to find “primary” clones</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-alt-n-goto-next-clone-to-find-primary-clones" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Use Alt-N to cycle through the clones of the present cloned node.
This command is a fast way of finding the clone whose ancestor is an &#64;&lt;file&gt; node.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-cffm-to-gather-outline-nodes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">Use cffm to gather outline nodes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-cffm-to-gather-outline-nodes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The cff command (aka clone-find-flattened-marked) clones all marked nodes
as children of a new node, created as the last top-level node. Use this
to gather nodes throughout an outline.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-ctrl-p-repeat-complex-command-to-avoid-key-bindings">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">Use Ctrl-P (repeat-complex-command) to avoid key bindings</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-ctrl-p-repeat-complex-command-to-avoid-key-bindings" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Ctrl-P re-executes the last command made from the minibuffer.
You can use this to avoid having to define key bindings.</p>
<p>For example, instead of pressing an &#64;button button, execute
its command from the minibuffer. Now you can re-execute the
button using Ctrl-P.</p>
</section>
<section id="ctrl-click-urls-and-unls">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">Ctrl-click urls and unls</a><a class="headerlink" href="#ctrl-click-urls-and-unls" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Clicking a url, such as <a class="reference external" href="https://leo-editor.github.io/leo-editor/">https://leo-editor.github.io/leo-editor/</a> will open the link in your default browser.</p>
<p>Similarly, you can select a node by clicking the node’s <strong>UNL</strong> (Uniform Node Locator).
UNL’s have the form:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unl://</span></code>
Full path of a .leo file
List of ancestor nodes, separated by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--&gt;</span></code>,</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>For example, the UNL for the parent &#64;rst of this node in LeoDocs.leo is:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unl://C:/leo.repo/leo-editor/leo/doc/LeoDocs.leo#Leo's</span> <span class="pre">Documentation--&gt;Tutorials--&gt;&#64;rst</span> <span class="pre">html\tutorial-tips.html</span></code></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Moving or renaming nodes may (partially) break UNL’s.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="scripting-tips">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Scripting tips</a><a class="headerlink" href="#scripting-tips" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="clearing-the-log-window">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Clearing the Log window</a><a class="headerlink" href="#clearing-the-log-window" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>When developing scripts that use the Log window to display results, it is
sometimes useful to clear the Log window by inserting the following two lines
at the beginning of your script:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">selectTab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Log&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clearLog</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="g-callers-returns-a-list-of-callers">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">g.callers() returns a list of callers</a><a class="headerlink" href="#g-callers-returns-a-list-of-callers" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>g.callers() returns the last n callers (default 4) callers of a function or
method. The verbose option shows each caller on a separate line. For
example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">trace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">callers</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You must <a class="reference external" href="running.html#running-leo-from-a-console-window">launch Leo from a console window</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-button-make-md-toc-script-in-leodocs-leo">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">The &#64;button make-md-toc script in LeoDocs.leo</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-button-make-md-toc-script-in-leodocs-leo" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The &#64;button make-md-toc script in LeoDocs.leo writes a markdown table of
contents to the console. You can then copy the text from the console to
your document. The selected outline node should be an <cite>&#64;auto-md</cite> node.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-button-nodes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">Use &#64;button nodes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-button-nodes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference external" href="tutorial-basics.html#button-and-command-nodes">&#64;button nodes</a> create commands. For example, <cite>&#64;button my-command</cite> creates
the <cite>my-command</cite> button and the <cite>my-command</cite> command. Within <cite>&#64;button</cite>
scripts, c.p is the presently selected outline node.
<strong>&#64;button nodes bring scripts to data</strong>.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-a-universal-shortcut-for-your-scripts">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">Use a universal shortcut for your scripts</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-a-universal-shortcut-for-your-scripts" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>You can have a personal shortcut to run a script while developing it. For
example: put <cite>&#64;key=Alt-4</cite> in the headline. If your script grows to several
subnodes, you won’t have to select the top node every time you wish to run
the script. Just press your universal shortcut.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-cff-to-gather-nodes-matching-a-pattern">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">Use cff to gather nodes matching a pattern</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-cff-to-gather-nodes-matching-a-pattern" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The cff command (aka clone-find-flattened) prompts for a search pattern,
then clones all matching nodes so they are the children of a new last
top-level node. This command is a great way to study code.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-g-pdb-from-the-console">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29">Use g.pdb from the console</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-g-pdb-from-the-console" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>g.pdb launches <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html">Python’s pdb debugger</a>, adapted for Leo.
You must <a class="reference external" href="running.html#running-leo-from-a-console-window">launch Leo from a console window</a> to use the pdb debugger.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-g-trace-to-debug-scripts">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30">Use g.trace to debug scripts</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-g-trace-to-debug-scripts" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The g.trace function prints all its arguments to the console. g.trace shows
patterns in running code. You must <a class="reference external" href="running.html#running-leo-from-a-console-window">launch Leo from a console window</a> to
see the output of g.trace.</p>
</section>
<section id="use-section-references-sparingly">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31">Use section references sparingly</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-section-references-sparingly" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Use section references only when the exact position of a section within a file matters.</p>
<p>Here is a common pattern for &#64;file nodes for python files:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@first</span> <span class="c1"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-</span>
<span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="n">imports</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span>
<span class="nd">@others</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="use-g-handleunl-to-select-nodes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32">Use g.handleUnl to select nodes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#use-g-handleunl-to-select-nodes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Leo’s status area shows the path from the root node to the selected node. We call such paths <strong>UNLs</strong> (Uniform Node Locators).  Given a UNL, g.handleUnl(unl, c) will select the referenced node.  For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handleUnl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;LeoDocs.leo#Use g.handleUnl to select nodes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>will select this node in LeoDocs.leo.</p>
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